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New research reveals that muscular strength and physical fitness could significantly improve cancer survival rates, with studies suggesting up to a 46% reduction in mortality risk for those maintaining good physical condition.
A comprehensive analysis of nearly 47,000 cancer patients has uncovered striking evidence about the role of physical fitness in cancer survival.
While cancer treatment has advanced significantly in recent decades, the side effects of treatment can still impact survival rates.
As the researchers note: "Our findings highlight that muscle strength could potentially be used in clinical practice to determine mortality risk in cancer patients in advanced stages and, therefore, muscle strengthening activities could be employed to increase life expectancy."
The Australian-led study, conducted by Edith Cowan University, examined data through August 2023.
The findings were remarkable: compared with patients with poor muscle strength and low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, those at the other end of the spectrum were "31-46% less likely to die from any cause," the researchers said.
The benefits were particularly notable for specific groups:
Stage 3 and 4 cancer patients showed an 8-46% lower risk of death from any cause
Patients with lung or digestive cancers demonstrated a 19-41% lower mortality risk
The benefits were consistent across various cancer types and stages
A second groundbreaking study, funded by the World Cancer Research Fund, emphasises the critical relationship between exercise and weight management.
Dr Helen Croker, assistant director of research and policy at the World Cancer Research Fund, emphasises: "These findings underscore the importance of a holistic lifestyle approach instead of focusing on a single factor to reduce cancer risk.
"Maintaining a healthy weight and, in particular, having a waist circumference within the recommended level and being physically active, along with eating a healthy diet, are all crucial steps to reduce cancer risk."
The study compared individuals against WHO guidelines, which recommend:
Waist circumference under 88cm for women and 102cm for men
150-300 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise weekly, or
75-150 minutes of vigorous-intensity exercise weekly
Or an equivalent combination of both exercise types
The research points towards new approaches in clinical practice. Cancer Research UK has announced a £10 million investment in AI and analytics tools to improve early cancer detection and prevention.
This could revolutionise how we approach cancer prevention and treatment.
As Professor Michael Leitzmann from the University of Regensburg explains: "We're excited about the insights we've uncovered regarding the interplay between waist circumference and physical activity in reducing cancer risk. Our findings highlight the value of addressing multiple factors together, showing that both maintaining a recommended waist size and being physically active are critical for cancer prevention."
1. What type of exercise is recommended for cancer patients?
The research supports both muscle strengthening activities and cardiorespiratory exercise. However, specific programmes should be developed with your consultant or clinic.
2. How significant are the benefits of exercise and fitness?
The research shows that patients with good physical fitness were up to 46% less likely to die from any cause compared to those with poor physical condition - a significant improvement in survival rates.
3. Does maintaining only good fitness or only healthy weight help?
The research shows both are necessary for maximum benefit. As the study found, people not meeting the WHO guideline on waist circumference had an 11% increased cancer risk even when they exercised enough, while those not achieving exercise guidelines had a 4% increased risk even if they were lean around the waist.
4. What is considered a healthy waist circumference?
According to WHO guidelines, women should aim for less than 88cm and men for less than 102cm. The WHO notes that health risks begin to increase at 80cm for women and 94cm for men.
5. How much exercise is recommended?
WHO guidelines recommend 150-300 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise or 75-150 minutes of vigorous-intensity exercise per week, or an equivalent combination of both.
This article is for general information only and is not intended to treat or diagnose medical conditions. If in doubt please check with your GP first.
References:
[1]Association of muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness with all-cause and cancer-specific mortality in patients diagnosed with cancer: a systematic review with meta-analysis
https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-108671
[2] World Cancer Research Fund 2025